How Long Does It Take to Become a U.S. Citizen With a Green Card?

Discover the timeline for becoming a U.S. citizen with a Green Card, including processing times, steps, and how the Law Office of Tatiane M. Silva, P.A. can assist you in your journey.

While the requirements are the same for most applicants, there are a few instances where the rules might vary.

For example, most applicants need to have lived in the U.S. as a Green Card holder for at least five years and be physically present for at least half of that time (30 months out of 60). However, for spouses of U.S. citizens, the residency requirement is three years, and they need to be physically present for 18 months out of 36.

Military service members also typically qualify for expedited naturalization and reduced residency requirements. 

Those in these two categories clearly have a shorter time frame to qualify for citizenship after permanent residence compared to other immigrant categories.

Understanding the specific naturalization requirements and exemptions that apply to you is important to properly estimate the duration between your current status as a Green Card holder and your citizenship.

USCIS Processing Time (for the Naturalization Application)

Naturalization applications are processed by USCIS. The process typically encompasses the following stages:

• Completing and filing the application form (N-400) along with the required supporting documents
• Attending the biometric appointment (if required)
• Attending the naturalization interview 
• Receiving a decision
• Attending the oath ceremony.

Even in the most straightforward cases, applicants at each stage may need to wait for months to proceed to the next stage or to conclude the entire process.

This waiting period is largely due to USCIS backlogs, which affect certain USCIS field offices more than others (usually based on the volume of applications in a specific office). For example, according to the USCIS processing times calculator, the average processing time for N-400 applications at the USCIS office in West Palm Beach, Florida, is currently 7.5 months. However, the estimated time jumps to 8.5 months for applications processed in Atlanta, Georgia.

To calculate how long your naturalization will take, you’ll need to factor in the average processing time that applies to your location. 

As an applicant, you cannot control the processing time, but you can avoid further delays by ensuring that:

• Your application is complete and accurate 
• You meet all the requirements for naturalization 
• You submit all the required supporting documents
• You pay the proper filing fees.

Because immigration regulations are constantly changing, it might be difficult to comply with these recommendations alone. In that case, it would be wise to consult an experienced immigration attorney for help and advice to ensure that your naturalization application is up to standard.

The Outcome of the Naturalization Application

When you apply for naturalization, there are three possible outcomes:

Approval

The most desirable outcome is approval. If your application is approved, you’ll be scheduled for a naturalization ceremony where you’ll take the Oath of Allegiance and officially become a U.S. citizen.

Continuation

This outcome occurs when USCIS decides that additional information or documentation is needed before they can make a decision on your application. It could also happen if you fail the English or civics test( the first time), in which case you may be given another opportunity to retake the test or provide the needed information.

Denial

A denial happens when USCIS determines that you do not meet one or more of the eligibility requirements for naturalization. Common reasons for denial include issues with continuous residence, failure to demonstrate good moral character, or legal problems like criminal convictions.

Impact of a Denial or Continuation on the Citizenship Timeline 

Both denial and continuation can significantly extend the time between obtaining a Green Card and becoming a citizen.

Continuation delays the process because it typically requires you to gather additional documents or wait for a retest. This can add months to the application timeline, delaying your path to citizenship.

A denial can also significantly extend the time between obtaining a Green Card and achieving citizenship. If your application is denied, you’ll have to address the issues that led to the denial before reapplying. This process can take months or even years, especially if it involves resolving legal issues or re-establishing continuous residence.

Some of the ways to avoid the delays that result from these outcomes include the following: 

• Double-Check Eligibility: Ensure you meet all requirements for naturalization, including residency, physical presence, and good moral character
• Prepare for the Interview: Study for the English and civics tests, and be ready to answer questions about your application.
• Submit Complete Documentation: Submit a well-prepared application with all required documentation. Double-check for completeness to avoid unnecessary requests for additional information.
• Seek Legal Advice: If you have a complex situation, such as a criminal record or long absences from the U.S., or you have doubts about your eligibility, it’s wise to consult with an immigration attorney before applying. This can help you address potential issues proactively. Full disclosure of any past issues or potential red flags to your attorney can prevent surprises during the process.